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Evelyn Dunbar (1906 - 1960)

Study for April for Gardeners Diary 1938, 1937 [HMO 228]

SKU: 6715
Pencil and pen & ink on paper
12 3/4 x 8 in. (32.4 x 20.2 cm)
Presentation:
folio

Size:
Height – 32.4cm x Width – 20.2cm

DESCRIPTION

Provenance:
Roger Folley; Alasdair Dunbar; Hammer Mill Oast Collection
Exhibited: Evelyn Dunbar – The Lost Works, Pallant House Gallery, October 2015 – February 2016, cat 68.

Literature: Evelyn Dunbar – The Lost Works, Sacha Llewellyn & Paul Liss, July 2015, cat. 68, page 108.


In 1937-38 Dunbar selected three of the twelve line drawings with which she had illustrated her Gardener’s Diary 1938 and worked them up into oils. 
(The other two were February (CAT 65) and August.)
1937-1940 was a troubled period in the artist’s life and April may be a reflection of this. A psychological interpretation would emphasise the significance of the cuckoo invading the greenfinches’ nest in the most fantastic hat in all Dunbar’s work, while enclosure of the figure of April inside a box, a practice of Dunbar’s at the time
(cf. Joseph’s Dream) implies a 
deep need for security and protection.

Gardener’s Diary 1938 & Related Paintings
Noel Carrington, Dunbar’s Hampstead landlord, was keen to promote the work of those artists he admired. In 1937 as editor at Country Life Ltd. ‚Äì a separate publishing entity from the eponymous magazine ‚Äì he commissioned Ravilious to illustrate The Country Life Cookery Book and Edward Bawden The Gardener’s Diary. These were followed in 1938 by High Street, again illustrated by Ravilious, with text by J.M. Richards, and a further Gardener’s Diary illustrated by Evelyn Dunbar. Although the two diaries are similar in format they are very different in content ‚Äì the 1937 one has a running frieze of flowers and plants along the top of each weekly double page, balanced at the bottom by quotes from William Cobbett’s English Gardener of 1827: within each week the Diary provided upright columns for daily entries and notes, while a considerable space was allowed for comments on the weather. 
Bawden’s end-papers depicted a cut rose in a vase with his own half-drawn sketch pinned neatly to the drawing board beside it.
For 1938 the brief must have changed quite radically, perhaps in response to comments
received on the previous year’s production, as the emphasis changed from the
depiction of individual plants to the physical attributes of gardeners and gardening,
with quotes ranging from the Book of Job to authors as varied as Charles Lamb and
Thomas Hardy. The decision to depict the months through the personification of their
attributes was probably a joint decision between Dunbar and Carrington, but chimes
with the otherworldly quality she had exploited so successfully at Brockley in her mural
The Country Girl and the Pail of Milk. Bawden’s running frieze of plants and flowers at
the top of each page was replaced by discreet depictions of fruits and seeds in the top
right-hand corner while Dunbar’s tailpieces consisted of simple outline depictions of
gardeners ‚Äì male and female. There were only a dozen vignettes of these toiling figures and the delightful sheet of studies (CAT 60) shows several of them in embryonic form, most particularly the rear view of one of the Dunbar’s gardeners bent double with rake or hoe in hand.
This figure makes five appearances in all, being repeated as the tailpiece 
to various weeks in January, March, April, May and December. Apart from the figure
of a weary gardener carrying two full watering cans, who appears just twice – in June
and July – there is little correlation between the seasons and the activity depicted;
Dunbar took the opportunity through a studied awkwardness to emphasise the fact that
physical labour is the gardener’s lot throughout the year.
A lighter mood is reflected in her depictions of the months each of which takes human form: female in the gentler months ‚Äì February (CAT 65) with crocus flowers and daffodil shoots in her hat, and April (CAT 69) jauntily wearing a bird’s-nest hat and carrying attributes of topiary and a garden frame.
August is definitely a male month with its abundance of cabbages and 
onions, as is November, the season for bonfires and general clearance. The figure of April ‚Äì expressive of lightheartedness ‚Äì became almost a leitmotif in her work recurring
in odd drawings and doodles, as well as in one of her most beautiful oil paintings.
Dunbar was not one to waste a good idea or design. These personifications of the
months also recur as the principal motifs in An English Calendar (CAT 71), the large
(6 foot square) decoration she painted the same year and later presented to Wye
College (on the closure of Wye in 2005 it passed into the collection of its parent body
Imperial College). Personation of the Seasons and the Virtues is deeply rooted in our
psyche from the Green Man of northern climes to classical sculptures of ancient Greece
and Rome. Dunbar delighted in personifying abstract conceptions returning to this
device in The Days of the Week (CAT 72) and in her projected Faith, Hope and Charity
(CAT 109) as well as transforming April into the heavily muffled figure in her wartime
painting Putting on Anti-Gas Protective Clothing (FIG 4).
Peyton Skipwith

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THE ARTIST

Evelyn Dunbar
Evelyn
Dunbar
1906 - 1960

Evelyn Dunbar studied at Rochester School of Art, Chelsea School
of Art (1927) and the Royal College of Art (1929’33). She painted
murals from 1933 -36 at Brockley School, a collaboration with her
RCA tutor (and lover) Cyril Mahoney (1903’1968) and in 1937
they wrote and illustrated together Gardeners’ Choice. 

In 1938 she set up the Blue Gallery in Rochester, exhibiting her
own work alongside that of Edward Bawden (1903’1989) and
Barnett Freedman (1901’1958) and others. In 1940 she was
appointed an official war artist, becoming the only woman (amongst
36 men) to be given a full time salaried position by the WAAC. 

She held her only solo exhibition at Withersdane, Wye, Kent
in 1953, although the WAAC included numerous pieces in touring
exhibitions ranging from Aberdeen Art Gallery to MOMA, New York. 

A posthumous exhibition was held in 2006 at St Barbe
Museum and Art Gallery, and in 2015 Liss Llewellyn mounted a
major retrospective of her recently rediscovered studio at Pallant
House Gallery. 

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Woman Sewing c.1925

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Story Time, c.1926

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Fancy Dress Ball, 1926

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Service! c. 1924

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Laddie, The Intruder, c.1923

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What fools…c.1926

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Unidentified Woman with Parrot Brooch, c. 1927
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Reclining Male Nude Study

£490.00

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Head and Shoulders Male Study

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April Fool!

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Landscape 2

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Artist Sketching

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View over fields

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View across farm buildings

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Girl Playing the Banjo

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Sacred Music on Sundays’

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Farm Illustration 4

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Landscape 1

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Unidentified Design

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Design for a Christmas Card

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Sketch for An English Calendar 1938

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Unidentified study, c.1956

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Florence Dunbar Peeling Apples c.1922

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Christmas Tree in a pot

£350.00

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Speciality Dancers
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Illustration for A Farm Dictionary

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Portrait

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Study for Seated Woman reading

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Study for Seated Woman

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Sketch for Joseph in Prison, 1947

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Nude Study of Woman Sitting

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Nude Study with Hand on Hip

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Sketches of two Land Girls featuring in Men Stooking and Girls Learning to Stook. Pencil 1940

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Sketches for the personification of April for the Country Life 1938 Gardener’s Diary.

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Studies for A Farm Dictionary (Evans Brothers, London) 1953

£365.00

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Farming Sketch

£375.00

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Plant studies, probably in connection with Country Life 1938 Gardener’s Diary.

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Flowers study

£195.00

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Flower Study

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Portrait sketch of unidentified WAAF officer, 1944

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Studies for Standing by on Train 21.

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The horse gin

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Farmer with Shoulder Yolk – Study for Farm Dictionary

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Prune’

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‘Bottle, Bowl, Box’

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Pencil sketch for Portrait of an Airwoman, 1944

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Portrait of a Musician, 1924

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Ring-a-ring-a-rosies

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Trenching or double-digging, 1938

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A diagrammatic explanation of trenching or double digging

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Cape Capers!

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The Harvest of Hay, 1954

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Nude standing with hand on thigh

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Portrait Sketch of a Friend

£300.00

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Four studies of a nude standing leaning against a partition

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Hop-picking, sketch for Farming Weekly, March 1954.

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Study of a WAAF at RAF Gravesend, 1944

£975.00

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Sketches of men and women involved in various activities, of unknown purpose or destination

£500.00

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Sheet of unconnected sketches. Pencil, crayon c.1954

£2,000.00

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Potato Harvesting, 1954

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The garden of The Elms, 1956

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The Garden at the Elms, Winter, 1956

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Study for Gardener’s Choice: Himalayan Primrose with vignettes of a gardener to the margins

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Study of landworkers at Sparsholt

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Life Class with full-length female nude in profile

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Sketches of children in various poses.

£1,100.00

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December for the Country Life 1938 Gardener’s Diary

£2,350.00

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Study for July, preparatory drawing for Gardener’s DIary

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